• 1990 Oriya Calendar 2020
• 1990 Oriya Calendar 2019
• 1990 Oriya Calendar Image

Oriya Calender, Oriya Panji, Oriya Calendar, kohinoor Oriya Calendar, kohinoor Oriya Panji, january Oriya Calendar, february Oriya Calendar, march Oriya Calendar, april Oriya Calendar. Hindu calendar for the month of January, 1949. List of all Hindu festivals in January, 1949 holidays & daily panchang. Pausa and Magha are the lunar months corresponding to January. Magha month 1949 started on January 15. Hindu calendar January 1949: Daksinayan, Shishir.

1990 Calendar

1990 Oriya Calendar 2020

Holy Toledo! Did you know that coffee and word games are an excellent combination to sharpen your vocabulary? Let’s give it a quick spin. Within 30 seconds, how many words can you think of from these letters YMOIDREAI? Check your answers here: Words with these letters YMOIDREAI. (Sponsored by WordFinder.Cafe)

• January 22, 1990 – Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. is convicted of releasing the 1988 Internet Computer worm.
• January 27, 1990 – New Year’s Day in Chinese calendar. Start of the year of the Metal Horse in Chinese astrology.
• April 11, 1990 – Customs officers in Middlesbrough, England, United Kingdom, say they have seized what they believe to be the barrel of a massive gun on a ship bound for Iraq.
• June 20, 1990 – Asteroid Eureka is discovered.
• July 11, 1990 – Oka Crisis: First Nations land dispute in Quebec, Canada begins.
• August 2, 1990 – Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the Gulf War.
• August 10, 1990 – The Magellan space probe reaches Venus.
• September 10, 1990 – The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire – the largest church in Africa is consecrated by Pope John Paul II.
• September 19, 1990 – Delhi University student Rajiv Goswami attempts Self Immolation during Anti-Reservation agitation in India. Though he survived, his Self Immolation inspired nearly 150 self immolation bids and indirectly led to the Resignation of V P Singh Govt.
• November 12, 1990 – Crown Prince Akihito is formally installed as Emperor Akihito of Japan, becoming the 125th Japanese monarch.

• January 12, 1990 – Sergey Karjakin, Ukrainian chess player
• January 31, 1990 – Kota Yabu, Japanese actor and singer
• March 9, 1990 – Araz Özbiliz, Turkish footballer
• March 30, 1990 – Rodney Strasser, Sierra Leonean footballer
• April 16, 1990 – Evangelos Mantzaris, Greek basketball player
• April 28, 1990 – Mario Meraz, Mexican boxer
• June 24, 1990 – Michael Del Zotto, Canadian ice hockey player
• November 3, 1990 – Ellyse Perry, Australian footballer and cricketer
• November 17, 1990 – Shanica Knowles, American actress
• December 16, 1990 – Julito McCullum, American actor

The Panjika (IAST: Pañjikā; Odia: ପଞ୍ଜିକା; Bengali: পঞ্জিকা) is the Hindu astronomicalalmanac,^[1] published in Odia, Maithili, Assamese and Bengali. In colloquial language, it is called Pānji (Odia: ପାଞ୍ଜି; Bengali: পাঞ্জি). In other parts of India it is called a panchangam. It is amongst the most popular annual books published in India and is a handy reference for observant Hindus to determine the most auspicious times for their rituals, festivals, celebrations, and pursuits of various sorts including marriage, undertaking travels, etc. It is somewhat a ready-reckoner, or the first source, before one approaches a priest or an astrologer to decide on the details.^[2] Even 'non-believers' amongst Hindus and those who are not Hindus often consult a panjika for much of the practical information it publishes. It also records Muslim, Christian and other festivals, dates of birth and death of many leading personalities and carries informative articles on astrology.^[3]

Odia panji[edit]

There are six panji in Odia: Kohinoor Panji, Biraja Panji, Radharaman Panji, Bhagyadeepa Panji, Bhagyajyoti Panji, Bhagyachakra Panji.^[4]Madala Panji is the first panjika in Indian regional language, starting from the 12th century. It is the main source and evidence of Odisha history. Pathani Samanta (1835-1904) has revived the Odia panjika in a scientific way.^[5][6]

Madala Panji (Odia: ମାଦଳ ପାଞ୍ଜି) is a chronicle of the Jagannath Temple, Puri in Odisha. It describes the historical events of Odisha related to Jagannath and the Jagannath Temple.^[1] The Madala Panji dates from the 12th century.The Madala Panji was traditionally written on a year-to-year basis. On Vijayadashami Day, the Karanas (official history writers of Puri, a caste of Odisha, involved in keeping the chronicle. The tradition of keeping this chronicle began with Odia king Anantavarman Chodaganga Dev (1078–1150).

According to the tradition, Chodaganga created 24 families of Karanas to preserve the temple records. Of these, five were entrusted with the writing and preservation of the Madala Panji. They are:

• Panjia Karan—preserves the Madala Panji
• Tadau Karan—writes the Madala Panji
• Deula Karan—enforces the Madala
• Kotha Karan—the main compiler
• Baithi Karan—assistant

Two schools of Bengali panjika-makers[edit]

There are two schools of panjika-makers in Bengal – Driksiddhanta (Bisuddhasiddhanta Panjika) and Driksiddhanta (Gupta Press, PM Bagchi, etc.). They dictate the days on which festivals are to be held. Sometimes, they lay down different dates for particular festivals. For the Durga Puja in 2005, two different sets of dates came through. Some community pujas followed the Gupta Press Panjika, because of its popularity. It was with deference to convention, confirmed Pandit Nitai Chakraborty, president of Vaidik Pandit O Purohit Mahamilan Kendra. Belur Math adhered to Bisuddhasiddhanta Panjika. It was Swami Vijnanananda (who became Math president in 1937–38), an astrologer, who decided that Ramakrishna Mission would follow this almanac as it was more scientific.^[7]

The difference occurs because the two schools follow different calendars of luni-solar movement on which tithis are based. While Gupta Press Panjika follows 16th century Raghunandan's work Ashtabingshatitatwa based on the 1,500-year-old astronomical treatise, Suryasiddhanta. Bisuddhasiddhanta Panjika is based on an 1890 amendment of the planetary positions given in Suryasiddhanta.^[7]

Scientific reform[edit]

The earliest Indian almanacs date back to around 1000 BCE. It did analyse time but the calculations were not always very accurate. Suryasiddhanta, produced in that era, was the forerunner of all later day panjikas.^[8]

1990 Oriya Calendar 2019

During British rule, Biswambhar again began the work of publishing the panjika, in handwritten book form. The printed version came in 1869. Bisuddhasiddhanta Panjika was first published in 1890.^[8] Gupta Press follows Suryasiddhanta with the original format while the version with 'corrected' scripture is called Visuddhasiddhanta.^[9]

The Bisuddhasiddhanta Panjika came into being because an astronomer Madhab Chandra Chattopadhyay, on studying the panjikas then in vogue found differences in the actual and astrological position of the planets and stars. He revised the panjika as per scientific readings. There were other people in different parts of India who also supported the approach for scientific revision of the panjika. It included such people as Pathani Samanta in Odisha and Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Pune.^[10]

In 1952, a major revision of the panjika was undertaken under the aegis of the Indian government.^[8]

The transformation[edit]

1990 Oriya Calendar Image

Gupta Press, one of the Bengali panjikas, has come out in 2007 with a CD-version packed with interactive features like 'know your day', 'daily horoscope' and 'koshthi bichar' (horoscope). Transformation has been staple food for the panjika. With the passage of time it has added information, like tourist attractions, pilgrim destinations, telephone codes and general information that common people seek, to make it more attractive. The format has also been made more flexible to cater to the needs of varied groups. The variants like 'directory panjika' (magnum opus) 'full panjika' (thinner version) and 'half panjika' (abridged version) and 'pocket panjika' have different price tags. The pocket panjika is a hawkers' delight on local trains.^[11]

Madan Gupter Full Panjika, which came out in the 1930s, has not changed much externally. The cover is still the same, on thick pink paper, but the inside is very different. The pages have changed from coarse newsprint to smooth white paper, the letter press has made way for offset printing, wooden blocks have been replaced by sharp photographs. The biggest difference is in the ad-editorial ratio. Previously the ads formed the bulk of the printed matter – and were pure delight. 'When there was no TV and not so many newspapers, the panjika was the place to advertise for many products. Many people bought panjikas for the ads,' says the owner Mahendra Kumar Gupta, 'They would offer solutions to many 'incurable' diseases.' The 1938 edition started off with a full-page ad on an 'Electric Solution', which promised to revive dead men. Now they publish Durga Puja timings in London, Washington and New York, based on the sunset and sunrise there.^[12]

According to Arijit Roychowdhury, managing director of Gupta Press, panjika sales plunged after partition of India, as the market was lost in the eastern part of the former state. However, with innovative transformation of format and content, sales have been picking up and the overall annual market in 2007 is 2 million copies. The figure includes sales in the US and the UK.^[11]

Panjikas have found their way into modern day shopping malls also. A senior official of the RPG group, Mani Shankar Mukherjee, himself a reputed author, said, 'Our Spencer's store in Gurgaon has sold a record number of panjikas.'^[11] Bengali panjikas follow the Bengali calendar and are normally out in the month of Choitro, so that people can buy it well before Pohela Baishakh.

References[edit]

1. ^'The Panjika: The Hindu Astronomical Almanac'. bestwebbuys.com. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
2. ^Geetha Kumary, V. 'Language in India'. Language of Panchangam (Hindu Almanac). languageinindia.com. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
3. ^Bishudhasiddhanta Panjika, 1412 edition, (in Bengali)
4. ^'Odia calendar'. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
5. ^Madala Panji
6. ^Pathani samanta Chandra Sekar ( 1835 to 1904)
7. ^ ^abBanerjee, Sudeshna (23 May 2005). 'Almanac shaves Pujas by a day – Conflicting schedules from twin schools on Navami and Dashami'. The Telegraph. Calcutta, India. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
8. ^ ^abcHowlader, AR (2012). 'Panjika'. In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
9. ^Khanna, Rohit. 'Now Panjika in CD Format'. Financial Express, 14 April 2007. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
10. ^Bishudhasiddhanta Panjika, 1412 edition, p. ka 16, (in Bengali)
11. ^ ^abcKhanna, Rohit. 'Bengali almanacs still doing brisk business'. Financial Express, 15 April 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
12. ^Bhattacharya, Chandrima (29 September 2006). 'Almanac and the man'. Calcutta, India: The Telegraph, 29 September 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2007.

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